Freshwater and Its Sources — Passage and Quiz

Freshwater is essential for life, yet it makes up only 2.5% of the Earth’s total water supply. Most of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps, leaving less than 1% accessible for human use. The primary sources of freshwater include rivers, lakes, groundwater, and rainwater.

Rivers and lakes are surface water sources that provide drinking water, irrigation, and habitat for aquatic life. However, they are vulnerable to pollution and overuse. Groundwater, stored in underground aquifers, is a critical source of freshwater for agriculture and drinking. It is replenished by rainwater that seeps into the ground, a process called recharge.

Rainwater is another important source of freshwater, especially in regions with limited surface water. It can be collected and stored for use in homes, farms, and industries. However, freshwater availability is threatened by climate change, population growth, and pollution.

To ensure sustainable freshwater supplies, conservation efforts like water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and efficient irrigation are essential. Protecting freshwater sources from contamination is also crucial for maintaining water quality.

Fun fact: The Amazon River carries more freshwater than any other river in the world, discharging about 209,000 cubic meters per second into the Atlantic Ocean!