The Life Cycle of a Plant — Passage and Quiz

Plants have a fascinating life cycle that shows how they grow and reproduce. Understanding this cycle helps us see how plants survive and spread in nature. Let's explore the stages of a plant's life, from a tiny seed to a mature plant that produces new seeds.

The cycle begins with a seed. A seed contains a baby plant, called an embryo, and a food supply. When conditions are right - with enough water, warmth, and oxygen - the seed starts to sprout. This process is called germination.

During germination, the seed absorbs water and swells. The embryo inside starts to grow, and soon a small root pushes out of the seed and into the soil. This root, called the radicle, helps anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.

Next, a shoot grows upward towards the light. When it reaches the surface, it develops leaves. The first leaves that appear are called cotyledons or seed leaves. They often look different from the plant's adult leaves.

As the plant grows taller, it develops more leaves. These leaves are crucial because they make food for the plant through a process called photosynthesis. The plant also grows a stronger root system underground to support its increasing size and to absorb more water and nutrients.

When the plant is mature, it produces flowers. Flowers are important because they help the plant reproduce. They contain pollen, which needs to be transferred to other flowers of the same species. This process, called pollination, can happen through wind, water, or animals like bees and butterflies.

After pollination, the flower develops into a fruit containing seeds. When the fruit is ripe, it may be eaten by animals or fall to the ground. Either way, the seeds inside are dispersed to new locations.

Finally, if a seed lands in a good spot with the right conditions, it will germinate, and the cycle begins again. This process ensures that new plants grow and that the species continues.